Pecan Plant

Characteristics of the Pecan Plant

The pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) is a majestic fruit tree native to the southern United States and Mexico, known for its delicious and nutritious fruits, pecans. It is a deciduous tree that can reach a height of 20-40 meters and develop a wide and rounded crown. The trunk, robust and straight, can exceed 1 meter in diameter in the most mature specimens.

The leaves of the pecan are long, compound and pinnate, each consisting of 9-17 lanceolate leaflets of an intense green color. In spring, the tree produces separate male and female flowers on the same plant (monoecious species), with predominantly anemophilous pollination (via the wind). The fruits, the famous pecans, are ovoid drupes contained in a woody shell, which when ripe splits and drops the nuts.

Ideal climate for pecan

Pecan is a plant that is best adapted to warm, temperate climates, with long summers and mild winters. Its optimal growth occurs in areas with summer temperatures that exceed 25-30°C and with a period of winter cold sufficient to meet the plant's cold needs, which vary between 400 and 700 hours of temperatures below 7°C. However, pecan is sensitive to late frosts, especially during flowering.

This plant loves deep, well-drained, organic-rich soils with a neutral or slightly acidic pH. Although it tolerates drought once it is well entrenched, it prefers regular watering, especially in the first years of development and during periods of fruit production.

Most common diseases of pecan and how to prevent and counteract them

1. Pecan scabies (Fusicladium effusum)

   • Description: It is one of the most common fungal diseases for pecan, affecting leaves, branches, and fruits. Symptoms include dark spots on the leaves and a reduction in fruit quality.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Avoid growing in areas that are too humid.
     • Regular pruning to improve air circulation.
     • Preventive treatments with copper-based fungicides or strobilurins in wet periods and during flowering.

2. Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata)

   • Description: This fungus causes irregular dark spots on fruits and leaves. In severe infections, it can reduce yield and cause premature fruit drop.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Monitor the tree regularly for early signs of infection.
     • Remove and destroy infected parts.
     • Use cupric fungicides or other antifungals in the early stages.

3. Aphids

   • Description: Aphids can infest pecan leaves, causing deformation, yellowing, and honeydew production, which promotes the growth of secondary fungi such as sooty mold.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Release of natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings.
     • Use of natural or chemical insecticides, in case of extensive infestations.

4. Wood decay

   • Description: This problem affects older trees, caused by fungi that attack dead or decayed wood, weakening the structure of the tree.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Avoid injuring the trunk and branches when pruning or harvesting.
     • Remove dry or damaged branches promptly.
     • Fungicide treatments can be used, but prevention is the main key.

Tips on How to Grow Pecan

• Exposure: Pecan prefers to be exposed to full sun to achieve maximum fruit production. Avoid shady places, which can reduce productivity.
• Soil: Plant pecan in deep, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. Before planting, it can be helpful to enrich the soil with mature compost or well-rotted manure.
• Planting distance: Since pecan grows very tall and wide, it is important to plant the trees at a distance of at least 10 to 12 meters from each other to avoid root competition and allow air circulation.
• Watering: Young trees need regular watering, especially during the first 3-4 years. Once ripe, they are more drought-tolerant, but supplemental watering during the warmer months can improve the quality of the nuts.
• Fertilization: Pecan needs a good amount of nutrients to develop properly. Use organic or granular fertilizers with a good supply of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). As you grow, apply balanced fertilizers twice a year, in the spring and summer.
• Pruning: Prune the pecan regularly to remove weak, dry, or diseased branches, improving air circulation and light penetration. Pruning also helps to maintain a well-balanced shape of the tree, promoting higher productivity.
• Pollination: Although pecan is a monoecious plant, it benefits from the presence of other varieties for a better cross-pollination process, which can improve the quantity and quality of the crop.

Frequently Asked Questions & Answers

1. How long does it take for pecan nut to fruit?
Pecan takes 6 to 10 years to start producing fruit, although this time can vary depending on environmental conditions and cultivation techniques. The maximum fruit production is reached after about 12-15 years.

2. Can pecan be grown in pots?
No, pecan is not suitable for growing in pots as it develops a very large root system and needs a lot of space to grow and thrive.

3. What is the best season to plant pecan?
The best season for planting pecan is in the fall or early spring, when the soil is moist and temperatures are mild. This allows the roots to stabilize before the summer heat arrives.

4. What is the main cause of premature fruit drop?
Premature fruit drop can be caused by several factors, including insufficient watering, nutrient deficiencies, or attacks from pathogens such as pecan scabies. Ensuring regular watering and balanced nutrition can reduce the problem.

5. Is it necessary to plant more pecan trees to get a good harvest?
Yes, it is highly recommended to plant at least two trees of different varieties to promote cross-pollination. This greatly improves the yield of the fruit.

6. What is the average lifespan of a pecan?
A pecan can live and produce nuts for over 100 years, if cared for properly.

Pecan is a plant of great ornamental and productive value, offering high-quality nuts and majestic growth. With the right care, it can bear fruit for many decades, making it

The  plant is shipped by iocoli vivai, with dedicated courier. Map accompanied by photo and passport certificate.