Fuerte Avocado Plant

Characteristics of the Fuerte avocado plant

Avocado Fuerte, native to Mexico and Guatemala, is an evergreen tree that can reach a height varying between 7 and 10 meters, although with regular pruning it can be kept more compact. The Fuerte avocado is characterized by a dense, branching canopy, large dark green leaves and oval shape, which can reach up to 30 cm in length. During flowering, it produces small greenish-white flowers.

The fruit of the Fuerte has a slightly elongated, pear-like shape with a smooth, green skin, which remains so even when the fruit is ripe. The internal pulp is creamy, rich in oils and with a delicate, slightly nutty taste. The core is medium-sized.

Ideal climate for the Fuerte avocado

The Fuerte avocado prefers a subtropical climate, with mild temperatures throughout the year. It is a relatively cold-hardy variety compared to other avocado varieties, tolerating temperatures as low as -3°C, but is still vulnerable to prolonged frosts. Ideally, the temperature should remain between 15°C and 28°C.

Fuerte requires good exposure to sunlight, as excessive shade can reduce the quality and quantity of fruiting. However, it is advisable to plant young trees in places that offer protection from high winds, which can damage the leaves and break the most fragile branches.

Most common diseases of Fuerte avocado and how to prevent and counteract them

1. Phytophthora (root rot)

   • Description: Phytophthora is a fungal disease that causes root rot and mainly affects poorly drained soils. Symptoms include yellowing of the leaves, reduced growth and, in severe cases, death of the tree.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Use well-drained soils to prevent water buildup.
     • Avoid overwatering the tree.
     • Treatments with fosethyl-al may be helpful in preventing or counteracting infection.

2. Anthracnosis

   • Description: Anthracnose is another fungal disease that attacks leaves, branches, and fruits, causing dark spots and rot.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Prune the tree to increase air circulation and reduce moisture that promotes disease.
     • Remove and destroy infected parts of the plant.
     • Use cupric fungicides as a preventative measure.

3. Persea mite

   • Description: This mite attacks the leaves, causing necrosis and bronzed spots. Over time, the leaves can fall off, weakening the tree.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Regular and timely check-ups can prevent serious infestations.
     • The use of specific acaricides can rapidly reduce the mite population.

4. Fruit fly

   • Description: The fruit fly lays eggs in avocado fruits, causing internal damage that leads to their fall.
   • Prevention and control:
     • Install traps to catch flies.
     • Collect and destroy fallen fruits to disrupt the breeding cycle.
     • Use specific insecticides for fruit fly control.

Tips on How to Grow Fuerte Avocado

• Exposure: Plant the avocado in a sunny area of the garden or orchard, but protecting the plant from strong winds.
• Soil: The avocado tree prefers loose, well-drained soils. If the soil is clay or tends to compact, you need to improve drainage with compost or organic materials.
• Watering: Water regularly, especially in the first few years after transplanting. However, it is important to avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot problems.
• Fertilization: Fuerte avocado requires a regular supply of nitrogen and potassium. Balanced fertilization with specific products will help keep the plant vigorous and productive.
• Pruning: Prune the tree regularly to maintain a compact shape and to promote good light penetration into the canopy. This will improve the quality of the fruit and reduce the incidence of fungal diseases.
• Pollination: Fuerte is a type B variety, so to achieve good fruiting, it is useful to plant it near a type A variety, such as Hass, to promote cross-pollination.

Frequently Asked Questions & Answers

1. How long does it take for Fuerte avocado to fruit?
Usually, a Fuerte avocado tree takes 3 to 5 years after transplanting to start producing fruit. However, this can vary depending on climatic conditions and growing practices.

2. Is Fuerte avocado self-fertile?
No, the Fuerte avocado is not self-fertile. It is recommended to plant a complementary variety (type A, such as Hass) to improve pollination and achieve a more abundant harvest.

3. What is the ideal size to harvest Fuerte avocado?
Fuerte avocado is harvested when it reaches physiological maturity, but before it becomes too soft. Usually, the fruit is ready to be harvested when it is dark green, smooth, and has reached a length of about 10-15 cm.

4. How can I tell if my Fuerte avocado tree has been affected by Phytophthora?
Early signs of Phytophthora infection include yellowing of the leaves, stunted growth, and wilting. If you notice these symptoms, check the drainage of the soil and intervene with specific fungicides.

5. Can Fuerte avocado be grown in pots?
Yes, it is possible to grow Fuerte avocado in pots, but it requires a large, well-drained container. Remember that the tree will grow more slowly and may be less productive than those grown in the ground.

The Fuerte avocado is a versatile strain that is perfect for those who want a robust and productive plant. With the right care, it can give delicious and abundant fruits for many years.

The  plant is shipped by iocoli vivai, with a dedicated courier. Map accompanied by photo and passport certificate.